1858-12-07 Ferrabee and England - Patent No 2808
A.D. 1858, 7th DECEMBER. No 2808. Machinery for Carding, Scribbling, and Condensing Wool, &c.
LETTERS PATENT to James Ferrabee, of the Phoenix Iron Works, Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer, and Frederick Henry England, Manager, of Foomhall Mills, Stroud, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CARDING, SCRIBBLING, AND CONDENSING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 3rd June 1859, and dated the 7th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ferrabee and Frederick Henry England at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th December 1858.
We, JAMES FERRABEE, of the Phoenix Iron Works, Stroud, in the County 5 of Gloucester, Engineer, and FREDERICK HENRY ENGLAND, Manager, of Foomhall Mills, Stroud, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CARDING, SCRIBBLING, AND CONDENSING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate, 1st, to a novel method of covering the doffers 10 of condensers and carding and scribbling engines; 2ndly, to the means employed for taking the slivers from the doffers of carding and scribbling engines, and for operating upon the slivers to effect their condensation;
2 A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Provisional Specification. Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c.
3rd, to a novel method of grinding doffers; 4th, to a novel method of feeding carding and scribbling engines.
1st, the usual mode of covering doffers in connexion with condensers is by rings set with wire, such rings being made either singly or two or more together, with the blank spaces or grooves between the rings formed by leaving 5 out the wires; instead thereof, we cover such doffers with wire card, com- monly called " 'filletting," in the same way as ordinary doffers of scribbling and carding engines; we then, by means of a tool, divide the card surface into the requisite number of rings, by depressing annular portions of the wire surface, and thereby forming a series of grooves. The wire we retain in the 10 depressed position by bands of cotton, leather, or other material. By these means we secure perfect uniformity in the rings, and obviate the risk of their shifting and getting irregular when being ground, and the result is better work.
2ndly, instead of covering the rubbing rolls of condensers with leather 15 coiled spirally on them, we use for covering such rolls rings made of vulcanized india-rubber or some other substance compressed together, and properly secured at the end; or we use a vulcanized india-rubber tube as a covering for such rolls; or we coil vulcanized india-rubber on the rolls as a covering. We also propose to use a vulcanized india-rubber seamless band in con- 20 junction with the covered rubbing rolls above described. We also use guides
and rolls covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic substance in conjunction with revolving dividing dises, or vibrating plates for forming "slivers" or " ribbons" from the fleece as it comes from the doffer of a carding or scribbling engine.
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3rdly, for the purpose of grinding the doffer in its place, and preventing the necessity of removing that part of the machine called the condenser from the scribbling engine, we construct a grinder to work in the same bearings and traverse by the same means as the ordinary rubbing roll of the condenser, which rubbing roll is removed to admit the grinder, and we so construct the 30 carriages as to allow of their being adjusted to and from the doffer. We also construct a traversing grinder to attach to the condenser frame, for grinding the doffer without the necessity of removing any portion of the condenser; and this same grinding apparatus can also be used for grinding the cylinders of scribbling engines, instead of the round grinders commonly employed. 4thly. For feeding scribbling and carding engines we take the "roping" or "sliver " from the traverser by means of a roll with an endless belt running on the top of it, which delivers the roping or sliver to a large roll peculiarly
3 Provisional Specification. A.D. 1858.--N° 2808.
Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c. formed or covered with wire card, and working against a shield, and we strip the wool or other fibrous substance from such large roll, and lay it on an apron which conducts it to the ordinary feed rolls of the scribbling and carding engine. Or we employ two endless belts set with or without wire, and running 5 parallel or nearly so one with the other to take the sliver from the traverser, and by their action open the sliver, and present the wool or other fibrous substance to the feed rolls of the scribbling and carding engine in a continuous sheet. Or we use a series of rolls in connexion with a trough or box for the same purpose as above described, the object of our improved 10 methods of feeding being to take the "sliver" from the traverse, and to present the wool or other fibrous substance at any desired angle to the feed rolls of the scribbling or carding engine in a continuous sheet or "bat" made from the roping or sliver instead of traversing the "roping" or "sliver" into the feed rolls direct, or laying it in parallel lines on an apron or table as 15 heretofore.
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SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by the said James Ferrabee and Frederick Henry England in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES 20 FERRABEE, of the Phoenix Iron Works, Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer, and FREDERICK HENRY ENGLAND, Manager, of Foomhall Mills,Stroud, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord 25 One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said James Ferrabee and Frederick Henry England, Her special license that we, the said James Ferrabee and Frederick Henry England, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Ferrabee and 30 Frederick Henry England, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM- 35 PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CARDING, SCRIBBLING, AND CONDENSING
4 A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Specification.
Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c. WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Ferrabee and Frederick Henry England, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to 5 be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Ferrabee, on behalf of myself and of the said Frederick Henry England, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par- 10 ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say): :-
These improvements relate, first, to a novel method of covering the doffers of condensers and carding and scribbling engines; secondly, to the means 15 employed for operating upon the slivers as they come from the doffers of carding and scribbling engines to effect their condensation; thirdly, to a novel method of grinding doffers and card cylinders; fourthly, to a novel method of feeding carding and scribbling engines.
In carrying out the first part of our Invention we cover the doffers in con- 20 nection with condensers with wire card, commonly called "filleting," in the same way as ordinary doffers of scribbling and carding engines. We then, by means of a tool hereafter described, divide the card surface into the requisite number of rings by depressing annular portions of the wire surface, and thereby forming a series of grooves; the wire so depressed may be retained by bands 25 of leather or other material, if found desirable, but it is not always necessary. By these means we secure perfect uniformity in the rings, and obviate the risk of their shifting and getting irregular when being ground, and doffers so covered will be found to produce a more even sliver than those covered with rings in the ordinary way. The rubbing rolls of condensers we construct by threading a number of rings made of vulcanized india-rubber or leather or other suitable material on a turned hollow iron or other roll, and securing them at the ends by washers, or we use a vulcanized or prepared india-rubber tube as a covering for such rolls, or we coil vulcanized or prepared india-rubber on the rolls as a covering; 35 we also use a vulcanized or prepared india-rubber seamless band in conjunction with the covered rubbing rolls. For the purpose of grinding the doffer cylinder in its place, we construct a
5 A.D. 1858.-N° 2808.
Specification. Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c.
traversing grinder, and mount it in suitable bearings fixed on the framework of the machine in such a manner as to render the removal of any portion of the machinery unnecessary when grinding the doffer. In like manner we also mount a traversing grinder in suitable bearings for grinding the cylinders of 5 carders and scribblers when that portion of the engine called the "fly" or "fancy" is removed. Our improvements in feeding scribbling or carding engines consist in taking the roping from the traversing feeder by means of a roll with an endless belt running above it, which delivers the roping or sliver to the feed rolls of 10 carders and scribblers, or we employ two endless belts running parallel or nearly so to each other (which belts may be plain or of suitable wire card) for delivering the "roping or sliver" to the feed rolls of scribblers or carders. In order to obtain such a distribution of the wool or staple as will ensure uniformity of sliver, we propose to apply to our improved carding or scribbling 15 engine apparatus for laying the fleece (as it is stripped from the doffer of the scribbler or carder) in layers one above the other, to any required thickness upon an endless band or table, and thus to form a continuous sheet or bat, which will be presented to or fed into the succeeding machine, say, a con- densing engine continuously at right angles, or any other angle to the feed 20 rolls of such engine. The kind of apparatus which we prefer to employ for this purpose is that for which Letters Patent have been applied for by the within-named James Ferrabee, and which will be hereafter more particularly referred to. In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 shews in plan view the tool (drawn 25 full size) employed for depressing the wires in our improved doffers. This tool we set in a slide rest, shewn in cross section at Fig. 2. The slide rest is
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carried on a bed, shewn in plan and side elevation at Figures 3 and 4, and is traversed along it to bring the tool opposite its work by the arrangement of gearing commonly employed in slide rest lathes. The tool for depressing the wires consists of a flat piece of steel a, with a notch b filed in it of the requisite depth, the sides being ground up thin. This tool being mounted on the rest c, which slides on the planed iron bed d, is capable not merely of receiving a lateral movement, but of being moved to or from the doffer any determined distance. The bed may for convenience be 35 divided into inches and parts of an inch. Having determined the number of rings the doffer is to be divided into, and the space between each ring, the tool is slid along the bed, opposite that portion of the surface of the doffers to be depressed, and as the doffer slowly revolves, the tool is pushed forward, and thereby caused to gather in the wires and depress them. This operation is
6 A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Specification. Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c.
repeated till the required number of spaces are formed. A tool, carrying a small roll, slightly hollowed, and somewhat narrower than the space, may some- times be used to further roll down the wires after they are depressed. It is desirable to look over the doffer after thus setting out the rings, for the purpose of replacing any straggling wires that may be left on the edges; and 5 before the spaces are set out it is better to grind the doffer true, very little grinding will then be required after setting out. The operation of setting out is so simple and so easily performed that any ordinary workman may cover and divide the doffers under his care.
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Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the doffing end of a condensing engine, 10 shewing our improvements applied thereto; and Fig. 6 is a pan view of the same. In these Figures, A is the doffing cylinder with a plain or undivided card surface; B is a stripping roll similarly covered with wire card; C, C, are the dividing rolls furnished at their periphery with alternate rings of cards and plain surfaces. a, a, a, a, are the stripping rolls, and b, b, the rubbing rolls 15 and friction bands of the condenser. By the revolutions of the wire card stripping roll B, the wool is taken from the doffer A, and passed between the dividing rolls C, C. As the rolls C, C, revolve in the same direction that the fleece travels, the several wire card rings on each roll take up a portion of the wool forming the fleece corre- 20
sponding to the width of the wire card ring, and sufficient to form a sliver or ribbon. The pairs of stripping rolls a, a, a, a, taking up the slivers from their respective rolls lead one set of slivers upwards, the other downwards, where they are subjected to the action of the rubbing rolls and bands b, b, b, of the condenser. The rolls are caused to revolve at a suitable speed, and in the 25 right direction by means of wheels, toothed chains, or belts from any part of the machinery. The mode of applying the traversing grinder to the doffer is shewn in the section Fig. 5, and in the partial elevation Fig. 7. E is the grinder mounted in adjustable bearings D, attached to the framing of the condenser; the 30 grinder E is caused to revolve by means of a strap passing over a pulley on the shaft of the scribbling cylinder. The doffer is driven in the ordinary way, and on one end of the doffer spindle there is a "swash plate" or inclined disc F, which works into the annular groove of a pulley G; the doffer A revolves slower than the grinder E, and as it revolves the plate F will traverse 35 the grinder backwards and forwards in its bearings D, thus giving it the end- way motion requisite for effecting the grinding operation in an efficient and satisfactory manner. When applying this part of our Invention to the grinding of the cylinders A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Specification.
7 Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c.
of carding or condensing engines, we attach the bearings D in this instance to the framing of the engine near the cylinder. Rotary motion for the grinder we derive from a pulley on the shaft of the main cylinder, and the endway motion of the grinder we obtain by mounting the "swash plate" on a fixed 5 stud projecting from one of the bearings D; on the boss of this plate a spur wheel is keyed, which takes into a broad spur pinion on the axle of the grinder, and gives rotary motion thereto. By the side of this broad pinion the grooved pulley into which the swash plate works is mounted, and the revolution therefore of the swash plate with the spur driving wheel will cause the grinder 10 to move endwise as it revolves in its bearings. Our improvements in feeding scribbling and carding engines are shewn at Figures 8, 9, and 10. Fig. 8 is a cross section of the feeding end of a carding engine with one arrangement of our improvement applied; Fig. 9 is a side view of a carding engine, shewing a modified arrangement of the parts for 15 taking the sliver from the feed traverser, and delivering it to the feed rolls whence the fibrous material passes to the scribbler or carder, and after being carded and doffed is removed from the doffer in the form of a fleece or sheet
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sliver, which is then folded in layers to form a bat; Fig. 10 is a plan view of the same machine. In these Figures the same letters of reference relate to the like parts. A, A,
is the bed of the traversing feed frame; B, B, are the end frames of the engine; C is a traversing carriage on three wheels, supported on the bed A, A, on which it moves freely; this carriage receives a traverse motion by the following well-known means:-b, b, are two pulleys carrying a belt or strap, to which 25 a small stud is fixed; this stud works freely in a vertical slot in the casting c attached to the traversing carriage C. On motion being given from any portion of the machinery to the strap pulleys b, b, through the bevil wheels
a, a, the strap or belt will revolve and traverse the carriage C backwards and forwards, by reason of the pin or stud attached to the strap being made to work 30 in the slot formed in the casting c attached to the carriage C. Attached to the carriage C is a trumpet mouth D, which carries with it the sliver E back-
wards and forwards in front of the endless belts H, Fig. 8, or the belt F and roll G, Figures 9 and 10, to which rotary motion is given in any convenient manner. As the sliver is brought up to these revolving surfaces, they will 35 take in the sliver and carry it forwards to the feed rolls of the carder or scribbler, thereby supplying the machine with a continuous uniform The sliver being thus fed regularly to the carding cylinder, an even sliver of wool or other fibrous material will be obtained either in the form feed. of a sheet or roping at the doffing end of the machine. When the sliver
A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Specification.
Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c. is taken from the doffer in the form of a sheet, we propose to deposit it in layers on to a fixed table or travelling apron, to form a bat or thick fleece by any known or suitable arrangement of laying or folding machine, preferring, however, that shewn in the Drawing in connection with the ordinary doffer J and doffing comb e. K (Figures 9 and 10) is the 5 framework of the laying machine L; 7 is a compound vibrating frame carrying the rolls f, g, g', and h. The axle of the roll f has its bearings in the frame K, and forms the fixed fulcrum of the compound frame, the two parts L, 7, of which are jointed together at their upper end by the axle of which forms the moving fulcrum of the compound frame. h is a 10 guide roller, which is supported by spiral springs h'; and g' is a similar guide roller, both of which have their bearings in the compound frame. The axle of this latter roller serves to connect the vibrating frame with a carriage which traverses over the planed face of the framework K, the carriage being mounted on pairs of rollers i, i; k is an endless band which passes round the rolls 15 the roll
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f, g, g, h, and is kept at tension by the latter roller. The carriage m extends downwards, and a vertical slot n is formed in the extended portion to receive the fixed stud or pin of a travelling belt or strap p, which is carried by a pair of pulleys o, o. M, M, are rolls at right angles to the frame K, carrying an endless belt or apron N. On motion being communicated from any part of 20 the machinery to the roll f, and also to the pulleys o, o, the fleece from the doffer J is carried by the band k over the compound frame, and passed between the rollers i, i, whilst the carriage m is carried to and fro by the strap p, its stud working in the slot n. The fleece or sheet sliver will thus be laid in alternate layers on the table or apron N. It may be observed that as 25 the centres of the rolls f, g, g', are connected by the rigid parts L, 1, the car- riage m will in its traverse backwards and forwards cause the roll g to rise and fall, thereby an uniform delivery of the fleece on to the apron N will be insured. The bat thus obtained may be lapped into a roll, or carried forward between the feed rolls of a condensing engine. Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of " Improvements appli- cable to Machinery for Carding, Scribbling, and Condensing Wool and other Fibrous Substances," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters First, preparing the surfaces of the doffers of condensers, as herein Second, applying vulcanized or prepared india-rubber as the rubbing surfaces of condensers in the manner herein described.
Patent we claim,- described. 5 Specification. 9
A.D. 1858.-N° 2808. Ferrabee & England's Improvements in Machinery for Carding, &c. Wool, &c. Third, the application to carding and condensing engines of a traversing grinder operating in the manner and for the purpose above described. Fourth, the means herein described for taking the roping or sliver from the traversing feeder, and delivering it into the carding or scribbling engine. In witness whereof, I, the said James Ferrabee, have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine. JAMES FERRABEE. (L.S.) LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1859.
PATENT DRAWINGS SHEET1 DEC 7 N°2808 FERRABEE & ENGLAND'S SPECIFICATION
A. D 1858, DEC.7. N 2808. FERRABEE & ENGLAND'S SPECIFICATION. SHEET 2
The filed drawing is naturally coloured. Losnos: Printed by GEORGE EDWARD ETRE and WILLIAM SPOTSWOODE Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty 1859.