John Harmar of Sheffield , Patent No. 1595, for Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths.

A.D. 1787   N° 1595.                       Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths.

HARMAR'S SPECIFICATION.

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN HARMAR, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Clerk, send greeting.

WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the 5 Twentieth day of March, in the twenty-seventh year of His reign, hath been graciously pleased to give and grant unto me, the said John Harmar, my exors, admors, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Harmar, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or 10 deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John Harmar,

my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no other or others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend the machine by me invented and found out "FOR RAISING A SHAG ON ALL 15 SORTS OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS, AND CROPPING OR SHEARING THEM, WHICH TOGETHER COME UNDER THE DESCRIPTION OF DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTHS; AND ALSO, FOR CROPPING OR SHEARING FUSTIANS," within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Ber- wick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said John Harmar, my 20 exors, admors, and assigns, or any of them, should in my or their discretions seem meet; and that I, the said John Harmer, my exors, admiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention; to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy 25 the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein granted or men-

A.D. 1787.-N° 1595.   Harmar's Method of Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths.

-tioned to be granted unto me, the said John Harmar, my exors, admors, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided: And whereas in the said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe 5 or condition, that if the said John Harmar should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said 10 Letters Patent, then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully appear.

NOW KNOW YE, that in obedience to the said Letters Patent, and to the 15 aforesaid proviso or condition therein contained, I, the said John Harmar, do by these Presents particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, referring to the Drawings in the margin of these Presents, which I explain as follows:---

A, a shear board with a small curve. B: round A a frame is erected, falling 20 a little below its level, with pillars at each corner fram'd both at top and bottom, as in Drawing. C, a loose frame on which E rides. D, the blocks of wood to give an inclination to C; this inclination is nearly in proportion of an inch in a foot. E, the shears as used by croppers with their bobs or levers, which by a line work them. F, the screws on C, to hold a rail extending 25 from one to the other, to steady the working blade of E. G, the harness in two parts, and is fitted to each end of the riding blade of E, and being hollowed to the bow, and grov'd to admit both ends of the said riding blade, and fastened on with screws and bands. It is further composed of six wheels in each part; two at each end are so fixed as to roll on the under side 30 of C, and so keep C in its due course. The other eight are fixed in two narrow frames, having four strong screws rivitted to each frame, yet so as to turn; these, passing through their nuts fixed in the harness already named, being turned, raise or lower the edges of E as may be found necessary to the due performance of their work. H, the rod, carrying a small crank at each 35 end with a small pulley. I, the straps of wood fitted at one end to the handle of the cranks of G, and terminating by mortices and tenons with two small beams, where they are fastened with pins with liberty to work. K, two pillars with apertures on the top, and situated at both ends of A. L, two small beams

A.D. 1787.-N° 1595.

Harmar's Method of Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths. communicating at one end with I, and passing through the apertures of K, where they are fixed with pins on which they work, but so as to shift on occasions to give the necessary vibrations to their extremities, to advantage the cranks, that they give the necessary pressure on the levers of E. M, a 5 rail extending the length of G, with a small aperture down the middle, and is fixed by screws at each end to the extremities of L, which project to the right of A. N, a small frame with four small friction pullies fix'd in it, and a tongue coming through the aperture of M. O, a line communicating from the tongue of N to the lever of E; when, theretofore, the small 10 pulley from the letter H gives motion to its cranks, this acting upon I, L, M, O, and the lever or bob of E, the blades of the shears close for the purpose of cropping; that the shears may produce the proper effect they are given a progression. P, an axis carrying a small cog wheel at one end, and a pulley with five grooves in it, as answering to another that stands inverted on S. 15 Q, another axis carrying two different sized cog wheels, the larger of which is worked by the small cogs on P. R, the third and last axis in the pro- gressive frame of wheels and pullies, carries a large cog wheel and a pulley with two grooves in it, and is worked with the small cog wheel on Q, as represented in the Drawing. S, an axletree, with pullies for bands to the first 20 movement. T, the bands communicating from the pulley R to G, where they are fastened by straps and buckles; when, therefore, the pulley on S gives motion to P and Q, the pulley on R gives progression to E, and by varying the bands into the different groves of P, E is giving a necessary progression in cropping or shearing of cloths or fustians.

FOR STOPPING THE WORK ON ALL NECESSARY OCCASIONS.

 U, the strap from X, communicating by W to one of the stops of H. W, a frame, turning on its supporter near one end to encrease its power as a lever, fastened, with liberty for a small movement. X, a lever crossing the upper end of B, and by U acts upon W; so by pressing down or raising the 30 extremity of X, the pulley on H rises or sinks, and E, by means of Z, is wholly stopt. Y, a lever which turns on a swivel near one end, being attach'd by a band to that shears which rides on the other part of C, by its action thrusts the extremity of X from under its pin, and so E stops itself. Z, the bands, communicate from both sides the fulcrum of X, and are fastened 35 to the pulley on R in contrary directions; therefore the movement on X throws out or in the cogg'd wheel on R, and E stops or is put in progressive action. a, the rollers to which b is attach'd in different directions. b, the cords for the management of E. c, the small pullies through which b pass

A.D. 1787.-N° 1595.   Harmar's Method of Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths.

to G, and are fastened by bands and buckles in the directions of b on a, that by turning a to the right or left E may be moved to any situation on C. d, a narrow frame extending the length of C, carrying a lever fastened at one end, to which a rope is attached as in the Drawing. e, the ropes commu- nicating from each corner of C to the extremities of d, that by the pressure of 5 the lever of d, C may be raised to give liberty to move E to all necessary pur- poses. f, a rope, which being fastened to the extremities of X, and commu- nicating with L, when E moves X, the weight on the other end of the rope raises the extremity of X to a convenient height, and keeps L from pressing down the bob to the damage of E.   g, a table, is erected and hath considerable inclination from side to side, the cloth passing over it as in Drawing. h, two planks fluted or guttered from end to end, and fixed at each end of g. i, a frame nearly in breadth with g, and 15 falling within hat both ends, grov'd on the inside of both the side rails, and ex- tending from end to end. k, a wheel attached to each end of i by screws with straps of iron, and which work in the gutters of h. 1, a small frame carrying a pulley at each corner which rolls within the groves of i; this has also a door to it with handles or small frames set with tazles on the under side, and turns on 20

hinges, and is fastened with a screw or cotter. The said handles are fixed in their places by springs with hooks to them at the one end, and the other falls into notches. m, a strong rod with cranks and pullies, as H, in shearing, save only a pulley more, with cranks much larger than H, and the pulley that carries them is of a considerable diameter. n, rails with a working joint 25 in them on that side of O next to m. o, pillars, with a pulley fixed in each at a convenient height, that the action of the crank may be regular, and to lessen the friction of n. P, two screws fastened at the foot to i, and passing through n, and by the respective movement of feather'd nuts on each side, is varied to the inclination of g. 7, springs with bands and buckles, which 30 communicate with the short rails of i, and are tightened sufficient to raise it; when K has passed down the lower gutter of h, then the springs cease to act, and letting i fall, the action is continued for raising the shag or woollen cloth. r, the rollers situate before and behind g, with the cloth passing from one to the other. s, the roller above the table to ease the passage of the cloth and 35 keep it better to the work. t, the frame of wheels for progression, as in shearing, excepting the first axis in the frame has but one grove, and on the second is a crank wheel, and the third is grov'd as p in shearing, but of a larger diameter. u, a púlley, with five groves answering to that on the last

A.D. 1787.-N° 1595. Harmar's Method of Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths.

axis of t; these standing in contrary directions, by changing the band into its different groves, the cloth keeps nearly regular in passing through the work. w, the line communicating with a frame as d and e in shearing, which by turning X, is raised to and from its work. 2, an axletree with its lever, 5 cog'd wheel, and stop. y, four cog wheels in a frame, as in shearing; they act by the axletree of the first being morticed into the second axletree of t pro- gressive; the third or last axis carries a wheel with small projections on one side to catch the end of a hammer, which falling on a bill tells nearly what cloth has passed through the work, that the handles in I may be turned or 10 changed., the beam worked by the crank wheel on the letter t. Fig. 2, the bands fix'd to the extremities of letter Z and 1, acting alternately on 1, that the shag may be regularly raised from one list to the other. 3, the weights at each corner of h to keep l to its work and to act against a 4, the pulley wheel to carry the cranks, and communicates with the first movement. 15 pulley that carries the progressive wheels for raising the shag and the regula-

5, the

tor y, for stopping the work, for raising of the shag, or putting it in motion,

x, u, w, in shearing acting on one of the stops of M, and so loosening or tightening the band that communicates with the first movement, stops the work for raising the shag, or puts it in motion; or by placing two pullies in a 20 narrow frame through which the band passeth from 4 to the first movement, this frame being fastened within a little of one end with pins, the raising or

sinking, the other tightens or slackens the band, and the work of raising the shag stops or goes forward.

And I do declare, that the said Invention is to be performed, as to the 25 cropping or shearing part, in manner following (that is to say):-The cloth being put to work G as in Drawing, and across the surface of A, and the

edges of E being brought to the exact angle of A, either by the screws on G or on the feet of A, that extremity of a which projects to the right hand of C being pressed down, the pulley of H is tightened; and the pulley on the 30 extremity of S, which communicates with the first movement, puts the cranks of H in motion, and also the progressive wheels, so that M by O acting upon the lever or bob of E, the working goes on; when the foremost shears reach the list, X is thrown from under its pin by y, and E wholly stops, when by a pressure on the lever of d, E is raised from its work, and by the turning of 35 a to the right and left, the shears are shifted from their work to both ends of the board, when the cloth is shifted by the pressure of the lever of d, C, on which E rolls, is raised, and by a turned left and right, E is shifted to its situation proper to begin the work again, which is done by the pressure of the extremity of X to the under side of its pin. And for the raising the shag the

6                                                               A.D. 1787.-N° 1595.

Harmar's Method of Raising Shag and Cropping Woollen Cloths. cloth is wound on a roller and across the table or board, as in Drawing, when by a band from Figure 4 to the first movement, putting the cranks in motion, I raiseth the shag, and when y by its bell directs the handles or small tazle

frames in 7 are shifted or turned, the work being stopt for this purpose as in shearing, x, u, w, acting on one of the stops of M as above described, or by 5 placing two pullies in a narrow frame through which the band passeth as above also described, and as the cloth passeth over g, the band of u is changed

into its different groves at convenient times, that the shag may be regularly raised. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Tenth 10 day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the faith, and so forth.

JNO HARMAR. (L.S.) AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, the aforesaid John Harmar came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.

Inrolled the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven.

LONDON:        Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,

Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1856.